There is better penetration with mode setting (+ or -) corresponding to the solution/actives characteristics.
So, if the solution has a + charge the mode settings should be + as well! Similar to a magnet to another magnet, it either draws or pushes away from each other. The basic principal of Ionto & EP (working like a magnetic) is similar,
but the differences -> what type of current? (continouous, low VS pulsed and high), the paths to push solutions,
what solutions can be used (Only ionized one VS all type of solutions)